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<i>"Understand what is said, and consult expert writing on the subject in the target language"</i>
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Puntos de nivel PRO 269, Preguntas respondidas: 183, Preguntas formuladas: 28
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portugués al inglés: Article on Medical Society Activities (2010) PT>EN General field: Otros Detailed field: Medicina (general)
Texto de origen - portugués Teste do Olhinho e saúde visual das crianças
14/10/10 – O Dia Mundial da Visão de 2010 está sendo comemorado hoje.
A Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP) se uniu ao Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (CBO) para uma série de atividades. A primeira foi um treinamento nacional de pediatras para a realização do Reflexo Vermelho, o Teste do Olhinho, que contou com a colaboração dos colegas especialistas e ocorreu nos últimos dias 5 e 6, organizado pelas filiadas da SBP. Em alguns estados, novas datas estão sendo marcadas. É que o Teste do Olhinho pode detectar precocemente algumas das maiores causas de cegueira infantil na faixa etária de 0 a 5 anos – a catarata, o glaucoma congênito e o retinoblastoma (o câncer na retina).
A revista eletrônica SBP Ciência já publica um texto para pediatras. Outros materiais estão sendo preparados pelas entidades. Para médicos, serão disponibilizados no espaço do Grupo de Trabalho de Prevenção da Cegueira Infantil no site da Sociedade, onde também haverá um link específico com informações para a população. Trata-se de uma campanha que contará, na segunda quinzena de outubro, com mensagem na televisão veiculada pela TV Globo. O objetivo é informar sobre a importância do Reflexo Vermelho – exame a ser feito pelo pediatra que, ao notar anormalidades, encaminhará a criança para uma avaliação mais aprofundada do oftalmologista.
SUS e Saúde suplementar – Desde junho, o Teste do Olhinho foi incluído no Rol 211 da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) e o pagamento por todas as operadoras é obrigatório. Cada filiada, credenciado ou cooperado deve exigir o cumprimento deste direito. Além disto, em vários estados o Teste foi instituído por lei e é realizado em maternidades públicas. O objetivo da SBP e do CBO é que haja uma norma nacional. Projeto de lei neste sentido já tramita no Congresso Nacional.
Recém-nascido e puericultura - O sistema visual da criança está em pleno desenvolvimento durante o primeiro ano de vida. Por isto, a recomendação da SBP é que o Teste faça parte do exame clínico realizado pelo pediatra antes da alta da maternidade. Quando isto não ocorrer, o pediatra deverá, obrigatoriamente, fazê-lo na primeira consulta de puericultura.
Depois, o exame passa a fazer parte da avaliação global da criança, com periodicidade definida pelo médico. Após o primeiro ano, o Reflexo Vermelho também é usado no rastreamento do retinoblastoma.
Treinamento nos estados – Em São Paulo, a Sociedade de Pediatria, a SPSP, conta com um Departamento Científico de Oftalmologia (DC) desde 2006. Nos dias 5 e 6, as aulas teóricas da capital foram dadas pelas dras. Rosa Graziano e Célia Nakanami, presidente da Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia Pediátrica, filiada do CBO. Outros oito oftalmologistas participaram da atividade prática. Dra. Nilva Moraes, presidente do DC, ministrou o curso em São Bernardo do Campo. O Teste é lei estadual e “o trabalho é feito frequentemente nas maternidades públicas, mas os pediatras consideraram importante a reciclagem. Além do mais, sempre há gente nova chegando”, comentou a dra. Célia. De acordo com a dra. Nilva, o objetivo do DC é fazer pelo menos dois treinamentos por ano.
Treinamento nos estados – No Rio de Janeiro, dra. Viviane Lanzelottte, do Comitê de Atenção Integral ao Desenvolvimento e Reabilitação da Sociedade de Pediatria do Estado, a Soperj, fez o treinamento juntamente com oftalmologista José Eduardo da Silva. “A aula teórica foi sobre a avaliação geral da criança nas várias fases de desenvolvimento, o Teste do Olhinho e também sobre a catarata congênita. Para a parte prática, os pediatras levaram seu oftalmoscópio e treinamos uns nos outros. No estado, o Reflexo foi instituído por lei em 2002. É realizado regularmente em todas as maternidades do município, também em algumas do estado e particulares. Cada vez mais tem sido feito”, ressalta a dra. Viviane.
Em Belo Horizonte (MG), a filiada reuniu 90 pediatras nos dias 5 e 6. O curso foi ministrado pelos oftalmologistas Luiz Carlos Molinari, vice-presidente do Departamento de Oftalmologia da Associação Médica do estado e Galton Vasconcelos, presidente do Centro Brasileiro de Estrabismo, ambos professores da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal, a UFMG. As atividades ocorrem continuadamente no estado e desde 2008 contam com apoio da Sociedade Mineira de Pediatria (SMP). Dias 19 e 20 de outubro será a vez da III Jornada de Oftalmologia Pediátrica, que ocorrerá no Hospital Mater Dei.
Em São Paulo, a Sociedade de Pediatria, a SPSP, conta com um Departamento Científico de Oftalmologia (DC) desde 2006. Nos dias 5 e 6, as aulas teóricas da capital foram dadas pelas dras. Rosa Graziano e Célia Nakanami, presidente da Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia Pediátrica, filiada do CBO. Outros oito oftalmologistas participaram da atividade prática. Dra. Nilva Moraes, presidente do DC, ministrou o curso em São Bernardo do Campo. O Teste é lei estadual e “o trabalho é feito frequentemente nas maternidades públicas, mas os pediatras consideraram importante a reciclagem. Além do mais, sempre há gente nova chegando”, comentou a dra. Célia. De acordo com a dra. Nilva, o objetivo do DC é fazer pelo menos dois treinamentos por ano.
Em Rio Branco (AC), de acordo com a presidente da Sociedade Acreana, dra. Teresa Cristina Maia dos Santos, foi realizada, no dia 07, uma palestra pela dra. Simone da Cruz Chaves. “Participaram residentes de pediatria, internos da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal e pediatras do Serviço de Assistência à Saúde da Mulher e da Criança. “Foi uma sensibilização, mas muito ainda precisa ser feito para que o Teste passe a ser rotina”, disse.
Em Vitória (ES), o presidente da Sociedade Espiritossantense de Pediatria, dr. Valmim Ramos da Silva informou que o curso ocorreu, com a presença de 30 profissionais, sendo alguns do interior. Antes, em 2008 e 2009, a capacitação já tinha ocorrido em maternidades públicas e particulares.
Em Aracaju (SE), segundo a dra. Glória Tereza Lopes, presidente da Sociedade Sergipana de Pediatria, a oftalmologista Doroty Resende Lima também abordou temas como retinopatia da prematuridade e síndromes infecciosas. Foi importante também para “lembrar que o Teste do Olhinho já está no Rol da ANS e deve ser cobrado das operadoras de saúde”, salientou a dra. Glória.
Traducción - inglés The Red Reflex Test and Children’s Eye Health
October 14, 2010 – Commemoration of World Sight Day
The Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP) joined the Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (CBO) in a series of activities. The first was nationwide training held on October 5-6 of pediatricians in the use of the red reflex test, organized and assisted by SBP members specialized in the field. In some states, additional training dates are being set. The red reflex test can provide early detection of some of the leading causes of childhood blindness in children from early infancy to age five, including cataract, congenital glaucoma, and retinoblastoma (cancer of the retina).
The electronic journal SBP Ciência has already published a guide for pediatricians, and other materials are now being prepared by these organizations. These materials will be available to physicians on the page of the working group for prevention of childhood blindness on the society webpage, along with a specific link to information for the public. The campaign will include televised public service announcements carried by the TV Globo network during the second half of October. The objective is to spread word of the importance of the red reflex test, a test that can be carried out by pediatricians and put children on the path to more detailed examination by an ophthalmologist if abnormalities are detected.
The Unified Health System (SUS) and National Agency of Supplemental Health (ANS) – Since June, the red reflex test has been included in ANS schedule 211, and payment of all healthcare providers by the ANS is mandated. All members, whether qualified specialists or others working in conjunction with them, should insist on fulfillment of that rule. In addition, in some states the test is mandated by law and is carried out in public maternity hospitals. The establishment of a national standard is one of the objectives of the SBP and the CBO. A law to do this is already moving through the national congress.
Newborns and Childcare – The eyesight of a child is still developing during the first year of life. The SBP therefore recommends that the test make up part of the pediatric clinical exam before discharge of the infant from a maternity hospital. When this is not done, the pediatrician should be certain to do it during the child''s first routine visit.
The exam should thereafter be part of the overall assessment of the child, and be done regularly, as defined by the physician. After age one, the red reflex test continues to be used in screening for retinoblastoma.
Training in the various states – In Rio de Janeiro, Dr. Viviane Lanzelottte of the pediatric society’s committee on integrated care in development and rehabilitation carried out the training together with ophthalmologist José Eduardo da Silva. “The classroom portion was on general assessment of the child at various stages of development, incuding the red reflex test and congenital cataract as well. When we got to the hands-on portion, we pediatricians took up the ophthalmoscopes and helped train each other. In our state, the red reflex test has been required by law for all municipal maternity hospitals since 2002, and for some state and private hospitals as well. It is being done more every day”, emphasized Dr. Lanzelotte.
In Belo Horizonte, in the state of Minas Gerais, 90 pediatricians from the local branch of the pediatric society gathered for a course on October 5-6. The course was administered by ophthalmologists Luiz Carlos Molinari, vice president of the ophthalmology section of the medical society, and Galton Vasconcelos, president of the Brazilian strabismus center, both of whom are on the medical faculty of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Our activities have been continuous in this state, and since 2008, have had support from the Minas Gerais pediatric society (SMP). A third workshop on pediatric ophthalmology is scheduled for October 19-20 at the Mater Dei hospital.
The Society of Pediatrics of Sao Paulo (SPSP) has had a scientific department of ophthalmology since 2006. On October 5-6, the classroom lectures in the capital city were given by Dr. Rosa Graziano and Dr. Célia Nakanami, president of the Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology, which is associated with the CBO. Another eight ophthalmologists assisted with the hands-on portion of the program. Dr. Nilva Moraes, president of the scientific department, administered the course in São Bernardo do Campo. The test is mandated by state law, and is frequently done in public maternity hospitals, but pediatricians think retraining is important. And besides, there are always new people coming in”, commented Dr. Nakanami. According to Dr. Moraes, the scientific department hopes to do at least two training sessions every year.
In Rio Branco, in Acre state, Dr. Teresa Cristina Maia dos Santos reports that a talk was given on October 7th by Dr. Simone da Cruz Chaves. Those attending the lecture included pediatric residents, interns from the federal university school of medicine, and pediatricians from the mother-and-child healthcare service. “This helped raise consciousness, but much remains to be done for the test to really become routine”, she said.
In Vitoria, capital of the state of Espirito Santo, Dr. Valmim Ramos da Silva, president of the Pediatric Society of Espirito Santo, reports that the course was given to 30 medical professionals, some from rural areas. Training had previously been held, in 2008 and 2009, in public and private maternity hospitals.
In Aracaju, in Sergipe state, Dr. Glória Tereza Lopes, president of the Pediatrics Society of Sergipe, reports that ophthalmologist Dr. Doroty Resende Lima gave presentations on topics such as retinopathy of prematurity and infectious syndromes. It was also important to “remind people that the red reflex test is now listed in the ANS and should be charged for by healthcare providers”, Dr. Lopes emphasized.
español al inglés: Clinical Trial (2003) ES>EN General field: Medicina Detailed field: Medicina (general)
Texto de origen - español MATERIAL Y METODOS
Población de estudio. El estudio se realizó en el servicio de Pediatría del Instituto de Medicina Tropical, de Asunción, capital del Paraguay y ciudad de 750000 habitantes pero con un área de influencia de 1200000 habitantes; durante el periodo de Junio del año 1999 hasta Mayo del 2001. Fueron enrolados niños de 3 meses de edad hasta 15 años con el diagnostico de Neumonía complicada con criterio de internación.
Diseño de estudio
El estudio fue de carácter prospectivo, comparativo, aleatorio y abierto, en el que se evaluó la eficacia clínica y microbiológica de la Amoxicilina/Sulbactam, versus cefuroxima en el tratamiento de la neumonía bacteriana complicada en pacientes pediatricos.
Grupos de tratamiento:
Grupo A:
Amoxicilina/Sulbactam: 100 mg kp/dia y 50 mg kp/dia respectivamente administrada por via EV, hasta 3 gramos/dia en 3 dosis
Grupo B:
Cefuroxima: 200 mg kp/dia administrada por via EV, en 3 dosis, durante un periodo propuesto de 10 a 14 dias.
El paso del antibiotico a la via oral fue evaluado en cada caso y se realizó en el paciente clínicamente estable, afebril, mejoría radiológica y con buena tolerancia oral.
Al concluir el tratamiento, el resultado final fue evaluado como:
Muy bueno: desaparición de signos y síntomas clínicos, con franca mejoría clinico-radiológica.
Regular: persistencia de la signosintomatología clínica y de las alteraciones radiológicas.
Malo: sin mejoría y/o empeoramiento de la signosintomatología y las alteraciones radiológicas.
Definiciones:
Curación: Retorno al estado previo a la neumonía o con síntomas residuales que no requieran tratamiento adicional.
Fracaso: sin mejoría clínica, o con hallazgos clínicos de infección activa; rotación antibiotica; muerte del paciente o complicaciones secundarias a la neumonia.
Definición de caso de neumonía complicada.
Se definió como neumonía complicada a la presencia de una o mas de las siguientes características:
1- Compromiso de >1 lóbulo pulmonar.
2- Presencia de derrame pleural.
3- Presencia de Neumatocele.
4- Presencia de Pioneumotorax.
Traducción - inglés MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Population: The study was carried out between June 1999 and May 2001 in the Pediatric Deartment of the Instituto de Medicina Tropical of Asuncion, the capital of Paraguay, a city of 750,000 inhabitants but with an area of influence including 1,200,000 inhabitants;. Hospitalized children aged 3 months to 15 years of age with a diagnosis of Complicated Pneumonia were enrolled in the study.
Study Design
The study was prospective, comparative, random, and open for the purpose of assessing the clinical and microbiological efficacy of Amoxicillin/Sulbactam compared to cefuroxime in the treatment of complicated bacterial pneumonia in pediatric patients.
Treatment Groups:
Group A:
Amoxicillin/Sulbactam: 100mg kg/day and 50mg kg/day respectively, administered via I.V., up to 3 grams/day in 3 doses.
Group B:
Cefuroxime: 200 mg kg/day administered intravenously for a proposed period of 10-14 days.
Change to oral administration of the antibiotic was assessed in each case and was made in patients who were clinically stable, afebrile, and who showed radiological improvement and good tolerance for oral administration
Upon completing treatment, final results were categorized as:
Very Good: disappearance of the clinical signs and symptoms, with obvious clinical and radiological improvement.
Fair: persistence of the clinical sign and symptom complex and of the radiological changes.
Poor: without improvement, and/or with worsening of the sign and symptom complex and radiological changes.
Definitions:
Cure: return to the health status prior to pneumonia, or with residual symptoms not requiring additional treatment.
Failure: without clinical improvement, or with clinical findings of active infection; antibiotic rotation; death of the patient, or complications secondary to the pneumonia.
Definition of Cases of Complicated Pneumonia:
Complicated pneumonia was defined as the presence of one or more of the following characteristics:
1- Involvement of >1 pulmonary lobe.
2- Presence of pleural effusion.
3- Presence of Pneumatoceles.
4- Presence of Pyopneumothorax
español al inglés: Doctor to doctor information on patient (2007) ES>EN General field: Medicina Detailed field: Medicina (general)
Texto de origen - español RESUMEN DE HC
Lactante menor de 30 días de vida, sexo masculino, tercer hijo de padres no consanguíneos, madre hipertensa con antecedente de hipercolesterolemia en tratamiento, con un control prenatal adecuado. No retardo deí crecimiento intrauterino. Al nacer RNTAEG (recién nacido de término, adecuado para la edad gestacional, score Apgar 9/9 a los 1 y 5 minutos respectivamente. Leve ictericia hasta los 10 días de vida. Caída del cordón -umbilical a los 10 días de vida. Se interna para observación a los 8 días de vida por hipoactividad y rechazo alimentario de 10 horas de evolución, sin fiebre. Llama la atención en dicha ocasión la fontanela posterior amplia, la persistencia del cordón umbilical y leve ictericia cutaneomucosa- No adenopatías ai hepatoesplenomegalia, Evaluación neurológica normal. Ecografía transfontanelar: no hemorragia, no dilatación ventricular ni calcificaciones periventriculares. Hemograma 17.000 GB con linfocitosis. VDRL: negativo. AgHBs negativo. HIV: negativo. SEROLOGIA para TOXOPLASMOSIS: Ig G 22.4 mg/dl. Ig M: negativa. CMV: IgG: positivo. IgM: negativo. Alta en buenas condiciones clínicas con indicación de retirar estudio de perfil tiroideo e interconsulta con endocrinólogo infantil e infectólogo.
A los 21 días de vida acude al consultorio (infectología pediátrica) en buen estado general, alimentadose con pecho materno en forma exclusiva, reactivo, rosado, succión vigorosa, sin adenopatías ni petequias, sin hepatoesplenomegalia. PC (perímetro cefálico) dentro de rango. Fontanela posterior amplia. Se repite serologia pareada (madre/recién nacido) para descartar TORCHS.
HGR: GB: 15700 Hb:14.6
No plaquetopenia. Shell vials; positivo para CMV (orina) (9/12/05) Evaluación oftalmológica: se descarta coriorretinitis.
Traducción - inglés SUMMARY OF CASE HISTORY
The patient is a male infant, 30 days old, the third child of non-consanguineous parents. The mother is hypertensive with a history of treated hypercholesterolemia and adequate prenatal care. Intrauterine development was not delayed. At birth the appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborn had an Apgar score 9/9 at one and five minutes, respectively. Mild icterus until 10 days of age. Loss of umbilical cord at 10 days age. Hospitalized for observation at 8 days of age for hypoactivity and food rejection for 10 hours prior to presentation, afebrile. Notable on presentation were a large posterior fontanelle, retention of the umbilical cord, and mild mucocutaneous icterus. Without adenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Normal neurological evaluation. Transfontanellar ultrasound: no bleeding, no ventricular dilation and no periventricular calcification. Hemogram: 17,000 WBC with lymphocytosis; VDRL: negative; HBsAg: negative; HIV: negative; SEROLOGY: for TOXOPLASMOSIS: IgG 22.4 mg/dl; IgM: negative. Discharged in good clinical condition with instructions for a thyroid profile and referred for consultation to pediatric endocrinologists and infectious diseases specialists.
On day 21 of life the infant presented at the pediatric infectious diseases specialists office in good general health, breastfeeding exclusively with vigorous suction, reactive, pink, without adenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Cephalic Index within range. Large posterior fontanelle. Mother and infant serology repeated to exclude TORCHS.
Hemogram: WBC 15,700 Hb: 14.6
No thrombocytopenia. Shell vial assay: positive for CMV (urine) (Dec. 9, 2005). Eye exam: Chorioretinitis excluded
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Años de experiencia: 24 Registrado en ProZ.com: May 2001
Native speaker of English, raised and educated entirely in the United States, but resident in South America for a total of 16 years and a freelance medical translator for over ten years.
Medical Journal Articles and Conference Presentations: Translations published in four peer-reviewed medical journals and study papers presented at dozens of international medical conferences.
Medical Subjects:Long experience in ophthalmology, pediatrics, infectious diseases, and epidemiology, as well as significant experience with cardiology (invasive and non-invasive), neuroscience, pulmonology, gynecology, obstetrics, dentistry, dermatology, medical genetics, endocrinology, nutrition, and thoracic surgery.Clinical Trial Documentation: All sorts of trial documentation including trial protocols, patient information, informed consent documents, and subject surveys as well as related administrative documents.
I have permission to cite as end users or direct clients of my work, the HVTN project of the US National Institutes of Health, the Organization of American States, and Vision 2020 (a joint project of WHO and the International Association for the Prevention of Blindness), along with the Paraguayan Pediatrics Society and the Institute of Tropical Medicine of Paraguay.
A medical translator must understand what is said before it can be reliably translated, and must consult expert writing on the subject in the target language to find terminology and meaning. It is necessary to quickly retrain oneself on each specific topic that comes up. Dictionaries and glossaries have to be treated with some suspicion.
There are two relevant sentences I never forget: "Clear writing is writing that cannot be misunderstood" (F. Peter Woodford) and "Be careful with health books, you could die of a misprint" (Mark Twain)
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